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<!-- This .ent file is part of the Traffic-Control-HOWTO document -->

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<!--

   The article was authored by Martin A. Brown <mabrown@securepipe.com>
   for the linux community, and has been released under the GNU Free
   Documentation License (GFDL) through The Linux Documentation
   Project (TLDP).

   This HOWTO is likely available at the following address:

     http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Traffic-Control-HOWTO/
     
  -->

<!-- conventions used in this documentation....

   - each section is a separate file

  -->


<!--              Versioning information and meta-data               -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY versionfile        SYSTEM    "VERSION"                        >
<!ENTITY version                      "&versionfile;"                  >
<!ENTITY pubdatefile        SYSTEM    "PUBDATE"                        >
<!ENTITY pubdate                      "&pubdatefile;"                  >
<!ENTITY email         "<email>martin@linux-ip.net</email>"            >

<!--              Convenient abbreviations                           -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY eg                          "<foreignphrase>e.g.</foreignphrase>"   >
<!ENTITY ie                          "<foreignphrase>i.e.</foreignphrase>"   >


<!--              binaries and modules; software and so forth        -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY iproute2
         '<command>iproute2</command>'                                 >

<!ENTITY fwmark
         '<constant>fwmark</constant>'                                 >
<!ENTITY ipt-mark
         '<constant>MARK</constant>'                                   >
<!ENTITY ipc-mark
         '<option>--mark</option>'                                     >
<!ENTITY iptables
         '<command>iptables</command>'                                 >
<!ENTITY ipchains
         '<command>ipchains</command>'                                 >

<!ENTITY tcng
         '<command>tcng</command>'                                     >
<!ENTITY link-tcng
         '<link linkend="s-tcng"><command>tcng</command></link>'       >

<!ENTITY tc
         '<command>tc</command>'                                       >
<!ENTITY link-tc
         '<link linkend="s-iproute2-tc"><command>tc</command></link>'  >

<!ENTITY cls_u32
         '<constant>u32</constant>'                                    >
<!ENTITY link-cls_u32
         '<link linkend="cf-u32"><constant>u32</constant></link>'      >

<!ENTITY sch_htb
         'HTB'                                                         >
<!ENTITY link-sch_htb
         '<link linkend="qc-htb">HTB</link>'                           >

<!ENTITY sch_hfsc
         'HFSC'                                                        >
<!ENTITY link-sch_hfsc
         '<link linkend="qc-hfsc">HFSC</link>'                         >

<!ENTITY sch_cbq
         'CBQ'                                                         >
<!ENTITY link-sch_cbq
         '<link linkend="qc-cbq">CBQ</link>'                           >

<!ENTITY sch_prio
         'PRIO'                                                        >
<!ENTITY link-sch_prio
         '<link linkend="qc-prio">PRIO</link>'                         >

<!ENTITY sch_fifo
         'FIFO'                                                        >
<!ENTITY link-sch_fifo
         '<link linkend="qs-fifo">FIFO</link>'                         >

<!ENTITY sch_tbf
         'TBF'                                                         >
<!ENTITY link-sch_tbf
         '<link linkend="qs-tbf">TBF</link>'                           >

<!ENTITY sch_pfifo
         '<constant>pfifo</constant>'                                  >
<!ENTITY sch_bfifo
         '<constant>bfifo</constant>'                                  >
<!ENTITY sch_pfifo_fast
         '<constant>pfifo_fast</constant>'                             >
<!ENTITY link-sch_pfifo_fast
         '<link
         linkend="qs-pfifo_fast"><constant>pfifo_fast</constant></link>' >

<!ENTITY sch_wrr
         'WRR'                                                         >
<!ENTITY link-sch_wrr
         '<link linkend="qc-wrr">WRR</link>'                           >

<!ENTITY sch_sfq
         'SFQ'                                                         >
<!ENTITY link-sch_sfq
         '<link linkend="qs-sfq">SFQ</link>'                           >

<!ENTITY sch_esfq
         'ESFQ'                                                        >
<!ENTITY link-sch_esfq
         '<link linkend="qs-esfq">ESFQ</link>'                         >

<!ENTITY sch_gred
         'GRED'                                                        >
<!ENTITY link-sch_gred
         '<link linkend="qs-gred">GRED</link>'                         >


<!ENTITY ingress-qdisc
         '<constant>ingress</constant> qdisc'                          >
<!ENTITY root-qdisc
         '<constant>root</constant> qdisc'                             >

<!ENTITY param-mpu
         '<parameter>mpu</parameter>'                                  >
<!ENTITY param-rate
         '<parameter>rate</parameter>'                                 >
<!ENTITY param-ceil
         '<parameter>ceil</parameter>'                                 >
<!ENTITY param-burst
         '<parameter>burst</parameter>'                                >
<!ENTITY param-cburst
         '<parameter>cburst</parameter>'                               >
<!ENTITY param-action
         '<parameter>action</parameter>'                               >
<!ENTITY param-default
         '<parameter>default</parameter>'                              >
<!ENTITY param-quantum
         '<parameter>quantum</parameter>'                              >
<!ENTITY param-r2q
         '<parameter>r2q</parameter>'                                  >
<!ENTITY param-mtu
         '<parameter>mtu</parameter>'                                  >
<!ENTITY param-prio
         '<parameter>prio</parameter>'                                 >
<!ENTITY link-htb-param-rate
         '<link linkend="vl-qc-htb-params-rate"><parameter>rate</parameter></link>' >
<!ENTITY link-htb-param-ceil
         '<link linkend="vl-qc-htb-params-ceil"><parameter>ceil</parameter></link>' >
<!ENTITY link-htb-param-quantum
         '<link linkend="vl-qc-htb-params-quantum"><parameter>quantum</parameter></link>' >
<!ENTITY link-htb-borrowing
         '<link linkend="qc-htb-borrowing">borrowing model</link>'     >
<!ENTITY link-htb-shaping
         '<link linkend="qc-htb-borrowing">shaping</link>'     >


<!--              Elements of Traffic Control                        -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY elements-classifying
         '<link linkend="e-classifying">classifying</link>'            >
<!ENTITY elements-shaping
         '<link linkend="e-shaping">shaping</link>'                    >
<!ENTITY elements-scheduling
         '<link linkend="e-scheduling">scheduling</link>'              >
<!ENTITY elements-policing
         '<link linkend="e-policing">policing</link>'                  >
<!ENTITY elements-dropping
         '<link linkend="e-dropping">dropping</link>'                  >
<!ENTITY elements-marking
         '<link linkend="e-marking">marking</link>'                    >

<!--              Some key concepts                                  -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY concepts-flows
         '<link linkend="o-flows">flows</link>'                        >
<!ENTITY concepts-tokens
         '<link linkend="o-tokens">tokens</link>'                      >
<!ENTITY concepts-buckets
         '<link linkend="o-buckets">buckets</link>'                    >
<!ENTITY concepts-queues
         '<link linkend="o-queues">queues</link>'                      >


<!--              Linux components of Traffic Control                -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY linux-qdisc
         '<link linkend="c-qdisc"><constant>qdisc</constant></link>'   >
<!ENTITY linux-class
         '<link linkend="c-class"><constant>class</constant></link>'   >
<!ENTITY linux-filter
         '<link linkend="c-filter"><constant>filter</constant></link>' >
<!ENTITY linux-policer
         '<link linkend="c-police"><constant>policer</constant></link>'>
<!ENTITY linux-drop
         '<link linkend="c-drop"><constant>drop</constant></link>'     >
<!ENTITY linux-classifier
         '<link linkend="c-classifier"><constant>classifier</constant></link>' >
<!ENTITY linux-handle
         '<link linkend="c-handle"><constant>handle</constant></link>' >
<!ENTITY linux-dsmark                    '<constant>dsmark</constant>' >
<!--
<!ENTITY linux-dsmark
         '<link linkend="c-dsmark"><constant>dsmark</constant></link>' >
  -->

<!ENTITY classful-qdiscs
         '<link linkend="classful-qdiscs">classful qdiscs</link>'      >
<!ENTITY classless-qdiscs
         '<link linkend="classless-qdiscs">classless qdiscs</link>'    >


<!--              Various commonly used URLs in Traffic Control      -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY wondershaper
         'wondershaper'                                                >
<!ENTITY link-wondershaper
         '<link linkend="sc-wondershaper">wondershaper</link>'         >



<!--              Various commonly used URLs in Traffic Control      -->
<!--                                                                 -->
<!ENTITY url-gfdl
         "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html"                        >
<!ENTITY url-docum.org
         '<ulink url="http://www.docum.org/docum.org/">http://www.docum.org/docum.org/</ulink>'    >
<!ENTITY url-lartc-howto
         '<ulink url="http://lartc.org/howto/">LARTC HOWTO</ulink>'    >
<!ENTITY url-lartc-howto-pfifo_fast
         '<ulink
         url="http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.qdisc.classless.html">pfifo-fast
         section of the LARTC HOWTO</ulink>'                           >
<!ENTITY url-lartc-mailinglist
         '<ulink url="http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#lartc">LARTC 
         mailing list</ulink>'                                         >
<!ENTITY url-old-lartc-mailinglist-archive
         '<ulink
         url="http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc/">(old) LARTC
         mailing list archive</ulink>'                                         >
<!ENTITY url-new-lartc-mailinglist-archive
         '<ulink url="http://www.spinics.net/lists/lartc/">(new) LARTC 
         mailing list</ulink>'                                         >
<!ENTITY url-kernel-howto
         '<ulink url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO/">Kernel
         HOWTO</ulink>'                                                >
<!ENTITY url-iproute2-docs
         '<ulink url="http://linux-ip.net/gl/ip-cref/">iproute2
         documentation</ulink>'                                        >
<!ENTITY url-tcng-docs
         '<ulink url="http://linux-ip.net/gl/tcng/">tcng
         documentation</ulink>'                                        >
<!ENTITY url-linux-ip.net
         '<ulink url="http://linux-ip.net/">linux-ip.net</ulink>'      >
<!ENTITY url-tcng-htb-howto
         '<ulink url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Traffic-Control-tcng-HTB-HOWTO/">
           Traffic Control using tcng and HTB HOWTO</ulink>'           >

<!ENTITY url-qdisc-esfq
         '<ulink url="http://www.ssi.bg/~alex/esfq/">ESFQ</ulink>'     >
<!ENTITY url-qdisc-wrr
         '<ulink url="http://wipl-wrr.sourceforge.net/">WRR</ulink>'   >
<!ENTITY url-qdisc-htb
         '<ulink url="http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/">HTB</ulink>'>
<!ENTITY url-imq
         '<ulink url="http://trash.net/~kaber/imq/">IMQ</ulink>'       >
<!ENTITY url-cbq.init
         '<ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/cbqinit/"><filename>cbq.init</filename></ulink>'       >
<!ENTITY url-htb.init
         '<ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/htbinit/"><filename>htb.init</filename></ulink>'       >
<!ENTITY url-tcng.init
         '<ulink url="http://linux-ip.net/code/tcng/tcng.init"><filename>tcng.init</filename></ulink>'       >
<!ENTITY url-wondershaper
         '<ulink url="http://lartc.org/wondershaper/">wondershaper</ulink>' >
<!ENTITY url-myshaper
         '<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/ADSL-Bandwidth-Management-HOWTO/implementation.html">myshaper</ulink>' >

<!ENTITY url-qdisc-htb-userguide
         '<ulink url="http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/manual/userg.htm">HTB
         user guide</ulink>'>
<!ENTITY url-qdisc-htb-theory
         '<ulink url="http://luxik.cdi.cz/~devik/qos/htb/manual/theory.htm">HTB
         theory</ulink>'>

<!ENTITY url-hfsc-article-german
         '<ulink url="http://klaus.geekserver.net/hfsc/hfsc.html">HFSC
           Scheduling mit Linux</ulink>' >
<!ENTITY url-hfsc-article-english
         '<ulink url="http://linux-ip.net/tc/hfsc.en/">HFSC Scheduling
          with Linux</ulink>' >
<!ENTITY url-hfsc-sigcomm
         '<ulink url="http://acm.org/sigcomm/sigcomm97/program.html#ab011">A
         Hierarchical Fair Service Curve Algorithm For Link-Sharing, Real-Time
         and Priority Services</ulink>' >
         
<!ENTITY diag-htb-class
         'http://linux-ip.net/traffic-control/htb-class.png'           >

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